Hier onder is 'n artikel uit vandag se NYT oor 'n nuwe tendens in die kerklike lewe in die VSA.
Mega-kerke is al hoe meer aan die uitsterf. Jonger mense soek intimiteit, en egtheid. Geloof moet 'n verskil maak, dit moet verhoudinge kweek en dit moet vir mense 'n veilige tuiste gee.
Vertoon en entertainment is ook nie meer die groot trekpleister nie.
Dus: Die tradisionele patrone van kerk-wees is aan die uitsterf. Nuwe vorme van kerk-wees word gesoek.
Hier is die artikel
DALLAS — The
mural painted on the side of a building in the Deep Ellum warehouse district
here is intentionally vague, simply showing a faceless man in a suit holding an
umbrella over the words “Life in Deep Ellum.” Inside there are the trappings of
a revitalization project, including an art gallery, a yoga studio and a
business incubator, sharing the building with a coffee shop and a performance
space. But it is, in fact, a church.
Life in Deep Ellum is part of a wave of
experimentation around the country by evangelicals to reinvent “church” in an
increasingly secular culture, and it comes as the megachurch boom of recent
decades, with stadium seating for huge crowds, Jumbotrons and smoke machines, faces
strong headwinds. A national decline in church attendance, the struggling
economy and the challenges of marketing to millennials have all led to the need
for new approaches.
“It’s
unsettling for a movement that’s lasted 2,000 years to now find that, ‘Oh, some
of the things we always assumed would connect with the community aren’t
connecting with everyone in the community in the way they used to,’ ” said
Warren
Bird, the director of research for the Leadership Network, a firm
that tracks church trends.
According to
a recent report by the Pew Research
Center, the percentage of Americans who are not affiliated with any
religion is on the rise, including a third of Americans under 30. Even so,
nearly 80 percent of unaffiliated Americans say they believe in God, and close
to half say they pray at least once a month.
The
“spiritual but not religious” category is an important audience that
evangelical leaders hope to reach in a culture that many believers call
“post-Christian.”
So they
arrange meetings in movie theaters, schools, warehouses and downtown
entertainment districts. They house exercise studios and coffee shops to draw
more traffic. Many have even cast aside the words “church” and “church service”
in favor of terms like “spiritual communities” and “gatherings,” with services
that do not stick to any script.
One Sunday
before Easter, the pastor at the Relevant Church in Tampa,
Fla., wearing a rabbit suit, whisked the unsuspecting congregation away on
chartered buses to a nearby park to build enthusiasm for the coming service.
Although the
number of evangelical churches in the United States declined for many years,
the trend reversed in 2006, with more new churches opening each year since,
according to the Leadership Network’s most recent surveys. This wave of “church
planting” has been highest among nondenominational pastors, free to experiment
outside traditional hierarchies.
“I hear a
lot of pastors say, ‘I’m not just trying to be creative and avant-garde, I
think this is maybe the last chance for me,’ ” said Doug
Pagitt, the founder of Solomon’s Porch in
Minneapolis.
Mr. Pagitt
has written several books on church innovations, many of which were first
developed in the “emergent” church movement
of the last decade or among “missional”
churches whose practices focus on life outside the church.
Many of
their innovations are being adopted by an increasing number of pastors in the
mainstream.
For new
leaders coming out of seminary, “the cool thing is church planting,” Mr. Bird
said. “The uncool thing is to go into the established church. Why that has
taken over may speak to the entrepreneurialism and innovation that today’s
generation represents.”
That
generation includes Mark Batterson, the 43-year-old pastor of
National Community Church in Washington.
“If the
kingdom of God had departments, we’d want to work in research and development,”
Mr. Batterson said.
With 3,000
members, National Community Church is technically a megachurch, according to
religion scholars, for whom any congregation over 2,000 qualifies. But with a
high turnover rate of nearly 40 percent a year, its continued growth is a
noteworthy feat.
Sunday
services are held in six locations, mostly movie theaters, where the smell of
Saturday night’s popcorn hangs in the air as prerecorded sermons play on the
big screen.
The church
also runs a coffee shop called Ebenezers near Union Station, where its
religious affiliation is hard to detect. Until it ran out of room, it used to
hold services in the basement, drawing new members from the coffee drinkers who
wandered downstairs to investigate the music.
For Mr.
Batterson, the strategy has biblical roots.
“We felt
like Jesus didn’t hang out at the synagogue, he hung out at wells,” he said.
“Coffeehouses are postmodern wells. Let’s not wait for people to come to us,
let’s go to them.”
The church
has fielded hundreds of requests from other pastors for insights about its
approach, and it has plans to franchise Ebenezers, first in Charlotte, N.C.
These kinds
of locations — urban, multipurpose and with plenty of foot traffic — are
favored sites, in part because they are less expensive to operate than a
sprawling suburban campus. Coffee shops, too, help generate revenue, as do
space rentals.
Today,
younger pastors are less willing to try to finance multimillion-dollar churches
with debt. After the recession, there was a surge in church foreclosures,
reaching record highs in 2010 and 2011. Since 2008, more than 300 church
properties have been sold after defaulting on their loans, according to the
CoStar Group, a real estate information firm.
Building
professionals who work with churches say they have seen these shifts firsthand.
“Every
generation wants their own thing,” said Houston Clark, whose company
designs spaces and audiovisual systems for churches nationwide.
“Kids in their late 20s to midteens now, they really crave intimacy and
authenticity. They want high-quality experiences, but don’t necessarily want
them in huge voluminous buildings.”
Five years
ago, Mr. Clark said, 90 percent of his business was installing expensive
lighting and sound systems for megachurches that could hold up to 5,000. But
today, 70 percent of his business is working on existing buildings, like
warehouses, to renovate the interiors as multipurpose spaces for churches to
operate.
It is a
trend that even established megachurches, like Bent
Tree Bible Fellowship in Carrollton, Tex., are studying. After
paying off $5 million in debt on its 135,000-square-foot facility last year,
the church is again seeking to expand. But instead of building another huge campus,
church officials are looking at smaller satellite spaces that can operate seven
days a week, with services like child care, shared office spaces and a
community theater.
“That’s a
significant difference for us,” said Paul Miller, the pastor of ministries for
Bent Tree. “We’re really building a community center, more than we are a
worship center.”
That
strategy, blending religion with everyday activities, disarms people put off by
traditional notions of church, said Scott L. Thumma, a professor at the
Hartford Institute for Religion Research.
“It’s pretty
low risk to wander into a bar or movie theater or hotel,” Professor Thumma
said. “It ends up delivering the message of relevance: we’re just like you,
we’re struggling, we might have a beer together — and our faith is also
relevant.”